The complications that result from restraint are often physical dysfunction, disruptive behaviours and the need for care and assistance from others (Estévez-Guerra et al., 2017 Foebel et al., 2016). Furthermore, although they are aware of the need for restraint, there is often a moral conflict even if they are not sure whether to restrain, they tend to restrain. Some studies (Ferrão et al., 2021 Kor et al., 2018) show that care providers' attitudes tend towards restraint, but the feelings are negative. Nevertheless, the use of restraints does not prevent them from falling (Dikiciyan, 2012). However, the use of restraint to protect the safety of the elders is widespread, for example, to prevent falls, avoid self-extubation or interference with therapy, prevent agitation or control disruptive behaviours, and protect residents or others' safety (Estévez-Guerra et al., 2017 Leahy-Warren et al., 2018 Wang et al., 2020). Physical restraint is a form of physical elder abuse and a violation of human rights (Ayalon et al., 2016 Gu et al., 2019). This includes using restraint straps, restraint undershirts, meal boards and gloves, excluding bed rails and medication use (Taiwan Long-Term Care Professional Association, 2012). The Taiwan Long-Term Care Professional Association defines physical restraint as the process of using devices or equipment on residents to restrict their freedom to move around or approach their body in their environment. This includes using a restraint belt tied to a chair or bed, excluding bed rails (Köpke et al., 2012 Koczy et al., 2011). Restraint is defined by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) ( 2002) as any device, material or equipment that prevents a person's body from controlling itself or moving freely and efficiently, to prevent the person from moving freely to another chosen position or close to their own body. Physical restraint is any means of restricting individuals' movement that cannot be easily removed by individuals (Collins et al., 2009), or any appliance or device used to prevent physical movement (Said & Kautz, 2013), including the use of bed rails, chair restraint and torso restraint (Foebel et al., 2016). The International Consensus Statement defines physical restraint as “any action or procedure that prevents a person's free body movement to a position of choice and/or normal access to their body by the use of any method, attached or adjacent to a person's body that they cannot control or remove easily” (Bleijlevens et al., 2016). There are different but similar definitions of physical restraint. Compared to other countries, there is a tendency for a higher physical restraint rate in Taiwan's long-term care facilities. The rate of physical restraint use in nursing homes is 18.8%–51.5% abroad (Abraham et al., 2019 Foebel et al., 2016 Huizing et al., 2009) and 62%–74% in Taiwan (Huang et al., 2014 Huang & Li, 2009 Lan et al., 2017). In nursing homes, the use of physical restraints for older adults is common in many countries (Bellenger et al., 2017 Foebel et al., 2016 Kor et al., 2018). Duration of at least 6 weeks significantly improved the knowledge of care providers. Five of the restraint reduction programs effectively reduced the rate of physical restraint use two increased knowledge of restraint reduction for care providers and one each promoted positive attitudes and behaviours. In all seven trials, the interventions were led by a nurse specialist or unit leader and targeted at care providers. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration criteria. The systematic review captured multifactorial interventions, education and consultation measures, including nursing home residents' and care providers' results. We searched for randomized controlled trials published until February 2021 for systematic review. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of restraint reduction programs for nursing home care providers in enforcing physical restraint on residents and identify the best strategies for such programs.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |